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'I'. B. ANDBRSGN.

' BRIGK KILN.

No. 290,512. Patented Deo. 18, 1883.

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`T. B.. ANDERSON.

BRICK KILNL Patented Dec. 18, 1883.

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Partnr THOMAS B. ANDERSON, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

BRICK-KiLN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.

290,512, usted December 1e, ieee,

Application led September S24, 1883. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern/.- 4

Be it known that I, Tnorms B. Annnuson, of Allegheny, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Brick-Kilns5 and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention consists in the construction and arrangement of brick-kilns; and it has for its object the fproduction of an even heat throughout all parts of the kiln, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

I will now describe my invention, so that others skilled in the art to which it appertains may apply the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the kiln and gas-producer on the line m x, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view on the lines y y, and z z, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line y y, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the gas-producer. Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the same on the line w x, Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a'detached plan view of the bricks forming the iloor of the kiln, and Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a portion ofthe partition-walls between the radiating flues.

- Like lettersof reference indicate like parts Wherever they occur.

I prefer to build the kiln, as shown in the drawings and hereinafter described, round or circular in form, having stacks A, built in and extending above the outer wall, arranged at certain distances from each other, having a gas-producer, B, situated under the kiln at one side, and communicating by means of a flue, C, with a gas or combustion chamber, D, situated below the center of the kiln, an eye, E, extending from the chamber D to the upper portion of the kiln, air-dues F F, leading from the outer wall of the gas-producer and extending downward to a point below the firein the rear of the same, thence up behind the gasproducer and under the gas-'due C, under and back of the chamber D, discharging the air along and around the rear wall of the chamber D, into the chamber near the topv thereof below the eye E, and radial ues G, for the passage of combustion after they have passed through the brick in the kiln, said lines radiating from the vouter wall of the eye E at the base thereof, to and communicating with the flue I-I, which extends around the kiln at the base thereof, and opens into the stacks A.

The gas-generator B, which may be similar in form to gas producers or generators now in common use in connection with metallurgical and other regenerator furnaces,is situated under the kiln at one side thereof. The sides or walls b extend down, sloping inwardly to the bottom or grate bars, b', and are formed of nre-brick. The grate-bars b are supported by the transverse bearing-bars b2, and at their rear ends by the lire-'brick tile or bricks b3, which are less liable to be destroyed by the heat supportingbar.

At the upper portion of the producer, eX- tending through the front wall, is a mouth or mouths, b4, through which the fuel is supplied. These mouths are closed by suitable doors. The flue C, which connects the producer B with the chamber D, opens into the chamber of the gas-producer at or near the top thereof in the rear wall, and extends in a straight line to and opens into the chamber D through the side wall at the bottom thereof. The chamber D, which is circular in form, situated below than au iron or other with nre-brick. 'Ihe wall of this chamber, which extends upward to the base of the eye E, slopes inwardlyv slightly. The eye E, above the chamber D, is also circular in form and eX- tends up into the kiln at the center thereof to a point on a lcvelwith the upper row of bricks to be burned in the kiln. The wall of the eye is formed in checker-work, the purpose of which is to insure the heating and burning of the brick next to the eye and to equalize the heat throughout the kiln.

In order to produce the combustion of the gases which pass off from the generator B, air is admitted into the chamber D, at the top thereof, by means of suitable air-lines. These fines F F open through the outer wall of the gas-producer at the side of the mouths b", and extend thence within 'the walls of the producer vertically downward to apoint below the level of the gratebars b. 'Ihence they extend horizontally, as shown by the letters f f,to a point in the rear of the lire-chamber of the producer,

and under the center of the kiln, is also lined IOO Y where they extend by the passages jf in the rear of the chamber of the producer horizontally at right angles to the line of the passages j f.

Above the assaoes f and connnnnicat- P s y ing therewith, are ilues or passagcs, extend ing upward back of the chamber of the producer to a point below the level of the flue C, and thence horizontally to and into a iiue, f3, which extends around the side and rear wall of the chamber D, and opens into the chamber by suitable ports or openings, j, near the top thereof, below the eye E.

The kiln is built either circular, square, or of other suitable shape, having a dome-shaped roof, I, and vertical side walls, K.

At the bottom ofthe kiln are the horizontal flues G, which radiate toward and communiwith a flue, H, extending around the bottom of and within the kiln.

The side partition-walls, g, of the radiating flues G are formed of fire-brick built in checker-work, as shown in Fig. 7, so that the lines communicate one with the other through the openings formed thereby. Radiating from the eye E are four or more solid division-walls, 7L, which extend to and through the flue H, dividing the flue H and the fines G into four or more separate sections, each of which sections has an outlet through one of the stacks A. On top of these walls g is laid the floor of the kiln, which is formed of fire-brick or tile g', placed side by side on the walls g over the iiues G. These tiles g are guttered, as at g2, so as to form passages extending vertically through the floor into the ilues G. These radiating ilues G all terminate in the iiue H, which extends around the wall of the kiln and is divided into sections by the transverse partition-walls h. Communicating with each one of these sections is a stack A, built outside of the wall of the kiln and having a damper, a, by means -of which the draft at any part of the furnace may be increased or lessened.

In the dome or roof ofthe kiln are openings fi, which are closed by removable bricks or tile the purpose of which is to permit of the escape of water smoke through the top ofthe kiln and-to enable the bricks after they have been burned to cool more rapidly.

At the bottom ofthe stacks are formed, which are closed by removable brick or tile. rlhe purpose of these openings is also to hasten the cooling ofthe bricks after they have been burned in the kiln.

The operation is as follows: The kiln having been filled with green bricks in the usual manner, they being built one on the other, so

A openings c `as to form a checker-work, and a fire having been started in the chamber of the gas-pro ducer, slack or fine bituminous coal is fed therein, and the gas and products of combustion produced therefrom pass through the flue C into the chamber D. At the same time air passing through the lues F, and being heated thereby, enters the upper portion of the chamber D through the ports f 5, mingles with the of air hastens the cooling of the bricks.

gas in the chamber, and a vivid and perfect combustion of the gas and air takes place in the eye E. Ihe heat which is thus produced passes out at the top of the eye, spreads in the upper part of the kiln, and is drawn down through the checker-work of green brick by the draft caused by the stacks A through the openings in the iloor formed by the gutters g2 into the fiues G, and thence through the flues into the flue H and stacks A.

As the stacks A are arranged around the outer wall of the kiln, the draft is from the center of the kiln toward the walls. In order therefore to insure the perfect burning of the bricks around the eye, the checker-work or openings c are formed in the wall of the eye, so as to allow a certain amount of heat to be drawn therethrough. The checker-work in the partition-walls g is also for the purpose of regulating and equalizing the heat, by providing a passage for the heat from one iiue to the other, should the draft through any one of the flues be lessened or imperfect. By means of the dampers a the draft through any one of the stacks may be increased or lessened, and the intensity of the heat in any part of the kiln regulated thereby.

Vhen the fire is first started in the gas-producer, the bricks which close the openings z' in the top of the kiln should be removed to permit the water smoke to pass through the openings instead of through the bricks and out at the stacks otherwise the moisture contained in the smoke would be absorbed by the bricks, and those in the lower part of the kiln, being softened, would be crushed and spoiled by the weight of the upper layers. After the bricks have been thoroughly burned, the fire in the gas-producer is allowed to die out, and the bricks which close the openings 'i are again removed, also the bricks which close the openings a2. rlhis produces a draft of cold air, which enters through the openings f, passes through the bricks in the kiln, and out through the openings z'. This draft Vhen the bricks have become cold, they are removed from the kiln and a fresh charge of green bricks is introduced.

The advantages of my invention are the simplicity and durability of the kiln, and the accurate regulation of the heat therein by means of which the bricks are rapidly and evenly burned.

Another material advantage is the exclusion of cold air from the interior of the kiln during the burning operation; also, the kiln is much more durable than the forms heretofore in common use. 4

Although I have described the kiln as adapted to burn bricks, pipes, tiles, and like articles may be burned therein.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

l. A kiln for burning bricks, having a central combustion-chamber, a series of radiating,

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' flnes having perforated top and side partitionllaving perforated top and side Walls radiat- Walls, said series of iiues being divided into ing toward the outer Wall of the kiln, and connseotions by solid partition-Walls,eael1 of which munieating with the openings at the bottom sections oomniunicateswith astaek at the outer of the kiln, substantially as and for the pur- 15 wall of the kiln, having a damper arranged pose speeied.

,n therein, substantially as and for the purpose ,In testimonywhereof Ihave hereunto set my Speeied. hand this 17 th day of September, A. D. 1883. 2. A kiln having openings formed in the THOMAS B. ANDERSON. roof and around or along the outer Wall at or Witnesses: l .ro near the bottom thereof, which openings may XV. B. CORWIN,

be closed or opened, in combination with nues THOMAS BAKEWELL. 

